This is an example document to show the use of headers and footers. "Special features" are a fancy header, initially made for a CV template, and a "final footer" which will only appear on the very last page.
The tutorial to go with it is here.
\documentclass[10pt, a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenx}
% Page Settings
%--------------------------------------------------------------------
\usepackage{geometry} % Allows the configuration of document margins
\geometry{includeheadfoot,a4paper, textwidth=0.87\paperwidth, textheight=0.8\paperheight}
\usepackage[onehalfspacing]{setspace}
\usepackage{lipsum} % provides lorem ipsum for testing
% Font Settings
%-------------------------------------------------------------------
\usepackage{lmodern} % http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/latinmodernroman/
\usepackage[thin]{raleway} % different font for the TikZ header
\usepackage{url}
\usepackage{hyperref}
%\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
% Settings for Fancy Headers and Footers
%-------------------------------------------------------------------
% Settings for TikZ Headers with coloured background
%-------------------------------------------------------------------
\usepackage{atveryend}
\usepackage{lastpage}
\usepackage[usenames, dvipsnames]{color} % https://de.sharelatex.com/learn/Using_colours_in_LaTeX#!#Reference_guide z.B. \color{RubineRed} - use ColorNames
\usepackage[dvipsnames]{xcolor}
\definecolor{CornflowerBlue}{RGB}{100,149,237} %#6495ed (HTML) - define your own colors
% pick some from here: http://latexcolor.com/
% Settings for "normal" headers and footers
%-------------------------------------------------------------------
\usepackage{fancyhdr} % http://mirror.easyname.at/ctan/macros/latex/contrib/fancyhdr/fancyhdr.pdf
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancypagestyle{fancy1}{
\fancyhf{} % clear space at the header and footer so the fancy headers / footers can be placed
%-------------------------------------------------------------------
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{2pt} % set a head rule of 2pt thickness
%\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{1pt} % same would be possible if you wanted a footer rule
%-------------------------------------------------------------------
% things you might want to access here: \thesection \thechapter \chaptername \sectionmark \rightmark \leftmark
% check this for further info: https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Customizing_Page_Headers_and_Footers
% puts a small logo on the right side of the HEADER - same goes for the \lhead:
\rhead{\includegraphics[width=0.04\textwidth]{logo.jpg}}
\lhead{\footnotesize\textbf{Example citation:} \textsc{Author-Lastname}, Surname: ``Article title'', in: \textsc{Editor} (ed.): \emph{booktitle}, NY 2018. {\textsc{Link:}} \protect\url{http://mylink.com}{ } \lbrack{}\today\rbrack{}.}
% you could you \chead to access the center as well
%-------------------------------------------------------------------
% defines all the FOOTER settings. But in this case, they are conditional: We check if we're on the last page and only print it, if we're not.
\rfoot{\ifnum\getpagerefnumber{VeryLastPage}=\value{page}\else\includegraphics[width=0.1\textwidth]{logo.jpg}\fi}
\lfoot{\ifnum\getpagerefnumber{VeryLastPage}=\value{page}\else{\scriptsize your custom footer text goes here}\fi}
% add the page count in the middle: \thepage gives you the current page, \pageref{LastPage} the total
\cfoot{\ifnum\getpagerefnumber{VeryLastPage}=\value{page}\else\thepage/\pageref{LastPage}\fi}
}
\usepackage{afterpage}
\fancypagestyle{header}{
\newgeometry{includeheadfoot,a4paper, textwidth=0.87\paperwidth, textheight=0.7\paperheight, top=3cm, headheight=0cm, headsep=0cm}
\fancyhf{} % clear space at the header and footer again
%-------------------------------------------------------------------
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % get rid of the headrule
%-------------------------------------------------------------------
% defines all the FOOTER settings to work as above.
% We still check if we're on the last page and only print it, if we're not.
\rfoot{\ifnum\getpagerefnumber{VeryLastPage}=\value{page}\else\includegraphics[width=0.1\textwidth]{logo.jpg}\fi}
\lfoot{\ifnum\getpagerefnumber{VeryLastPage}=\value{page}\else{\scriptsize your custom footer text goes here}\fi}
% add the page count in the middle: \thepage gives you the current page, \pageref{LastPage} the total
\cfoot{\ifnum\getpagerefnumber{VeryLastPage}=\value{page}\else\thepage/\pageref{LastPage}\fi}
\afterpage{\restoregeometry}
}
%\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
%-------------------------------------------------------------------
% packages for the custom header and footer
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.misc,positioning,backgrounds}
%-------------------------------------------------------------------
% different last page footer
\usepackage[pages=some]{background}
\usepackage{tikzpagenodes}
\usepackage{pageslts,refcount}
%-------------------------------------------------------------------
% credit: https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/120773/footer-on-last-page
\newcommand{\footercustomlastpage}[3]{% here a command is set
\backgroundsetup{% from the background package
scale=1,angle=0,color=black,%
contents={% contents then contain basically the same TikZ picture as I use for the header
\tikz[remember picture,overlay]{%
\fill[gray!70,ultra thick]%
([yshift=120pt]current page.south west)%
rectangle%
(current page.south east);%
\node[anchor=north west,inner sep=0pt,text width=.75\paperwidth,align=left] at ([yshift=15pt,xshift=50pt]current page.south west|-current page text area.south west) {#1};%
\node[anchor=north,inner sep=0pt,text width=.3\paperwidth,align=right] at ([yshift=-5pt,xshift=90pt]current page text area.south) {#2};%
\node[anchor=north east,inner sep=0pt,text width=.3\paperwidth,align=right] at ([yshift=-5pt,xshift=-30pt]current page.south east|-current page text area.south east) {#3};%
}}}%
}
%-------------------------------------------------------------------
% I made a command for this, so you can put the above in an external file
% and only keep the actual contents of the footer in this main file
% making a new command would, of course, not been necessary
%-------------------------------------------------------------------
\footercustomlastpage{
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.67\textwidth}
{\huge Jack Sparrow image credit: Walt Disney. Thanks, mate!}
\scriptsize\lipsum[56]
\end{minipage}
}{
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{jack.jpg}
}{
\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{logo.jpg}
}
%\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
% custom header with background etc
% this one doesn't necessarily or automatically print on the first page
% I thought it best to be able to place it manually
% but this means that head space will not automatically be cleard for it, please you a page break before it
%-------------------------------------------------------------------
\newcommand{\bg}[3]{\colorbox{#1}{\bfseries\color{#2}#3}}
\newcommand{\bgupper}[3]{\colorbox{#1}{\color{#2}\huge\bfseries\MakeUppercase{#3}}}
%-------------------------------------------------------------------
% inspired by: https://www.sharelatex.com/templates/cv-or-resume/fancy-cv
\newcommand{\header}[7]{
\thispagestyle{header}
\tikz[remember picture,overlay] {%
\node[rectangle, fill=#5, anchor=north, minimum width=\paperwidth, minimum height=5cm](header) at (current page.north){};%
\node[left=#7 of header.north, anchor=east](name) at (header.east) {\fontfamily{\sfdefault}\selectfont #2};%
\node[anchor=south east](degree) at (name.north east) {\fontfamily{\sfdefault}\selectfont #1};%
\node[anchor=north east](descr) at (name.south east) {\fontfamily{\sfdefault}\selectfont #3};%
\node[right=#6 of header.west, anchor=west](picture) at (header.west) {};%
\draw[path picture={\node[anchor=center] at (path picture bounding box.center){\includegraphics[height=4.3cm]{#4}} ;}] (picture) circle (2) ;}%
\vspace{1.5cm}%
}
%-------------------------------------------------------------------
%-------------------------------------------------------------------
\newcommand*\initfamily{\usefont{U}{Rothdn}{xl}{n}}
%-------------------------------------------------------------------
\pagenumbering{arabic}
%--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- End footer placement
\usepackage{everypage}
% here we determine that the footer (which really is a background constisting of TikZ picture
%will be printed on the very last page only
\AddEverypageHook{\ifnum\getpagerefnumber{VeryLastPage}=\value{page}\clearpage\BgThispage\else\fi}
%\AfterEndDocument{\clearpage\vfill\fancyhf{}\cfoot{}\rfoot{}\lfoot{}\BgThispage}
%--------------------------------------------------------------------
\title{Headers and Footers}
\author{\LaTeX Ninja}
\date{September 2018}
%--------------------------------------------------------------------
\pagestyle{fancy1}
\begin{document}
\maketitle\thispagestyle{fancy1}
\section{Introduction}
\lipsum
\section{Test}
\lipsum
\newpage
\header{\bg{white}{black}{Captain}}{\bgupper{gray!20}{red}{Jack Sparrow}
}{
\bg{gray!60}{white}{Pirate}
}{jack.jpg}{JungleGreen}{3.5cm}{2cm}
\lipsum
\lipsum\clearpage
\header{\bg{white}{black}{Captain\phantom{xxxx}//}}{
{\Huge\input Rothdn.fd \renewcommand*\initfamily{\usefont{U}{Rothdn}{xl}{n}} {\initfamily Jack Sparrow}} }{
\bg{gray!60}{white}{\Large Pirate\phantom{xxx}//}}{jack.jpg}{Salmon}{3.5cm}{2cm}
\lipsum\lipsum[30-35]
\clearpage
\header{\bg{white}{black}{it's a}}{{\Huge\bfseries\input Sanremo.fd \renewcommand*\initfamily{\usefont{U}{Sanremo}{xl}{n}} {\initfamily pirate's life} }}{\bg{gray!60}{white}{for me}}{jack.jpg}{CornflowerBlue}{3.5cm}{2cm}
\lipsum\lipsum[30-35]
\end{document}